See Dungan on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"exonym",
"exonym"
],
[
"東",
"東#Chinese"
],
[
"甘",
"甘#Chinese"
],
[
"东",
"东#Chinese"
],
[
"甘",
"甘#Chinese"
],
[
"敦煌",
"敦煌#Chinese"
],
[
"Dunhuang",
"Dunhuang"
],
[
"潼關",
"潼關#Chinese"
],
[
"潼关",
"潼关#Chinese"
],
[
"turmaq",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tur-"
],
[
"tur",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tur-"
],
[
"qal",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kāl-"
],
[
"東岸",
"東岸#Chinese"
],
[
"东岸",
"东岸#Chinese"
],
[
"子",
"子"
],
[
"子",
"子"
],
[
"屯墾",
"屯墾#Chinese"
],
[
"屯垦",
"屯垦#Chinese"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東甘",
"lit": "Eastern Gansu",
"tr": "dōng Gān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Павлинов"
},
"expansion": "Pavlinov",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "敦煌",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Dunhuang",
"tr": "Dūnhuáng"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "М. А. Терентьев"
},
"expansion": "M. A. Terentʹjev",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "潼關",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Tong Pass",
"tr": "Tóngguān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "С. Лишонгуй"
},
"expansion": "S. Lišonguj",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東岸",
"lit": "eastern coast or perhaps, eastern side",
"tr": "dōng'àn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "屯墾",
"tr": "túnkěn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym.\nChinese scholar Lin Tao compiles a list of possible etymologies in Donggan yü lungao (2007):\n* From Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”) — by a Russian consul in Ghulja of the name Pavlinov.\n* From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu) — by M. A. Terentʹjev.\n* From Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity.\n* From Turkic turmaq > turup qalghan > tunggan (“stayed behind”) — by scholar S. Lišonguj.\n* From Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”), in reference to the Fen River — by Mantarô Hashimoto.\nLin agrees with the 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn) theory, having found during studies individuals who self-identify as 東岸子 /东岸子.\nHai Feng proposes in 2005 that it is from Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tungan",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
},
{
"form": "Tungani",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
},
{
"form": "Dungani",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "Dungan pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A Muslim people originally from north-west China who currently reside in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia."
],
"id": "en-Dungan-en-noun-9THV0IEn",
"links": [
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Kazakhstan",
"Kazakhstan"
],
[
"Kyrgyzstan",
"Kyrgyzstan"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Hui"
}
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"plural-only"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "chg",
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "tungan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "تونکان"
},
{
"code": "chg",
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "tungani",
"sense": "people",
"word": "تونکانی"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "hueyzw",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзў"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "hueyhuey",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйхуэй"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "hueyzwřɨn",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзўжын"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "hueymin",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэймин"
},
{
"alt": "中原人 (zhōngyuánrén)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "žun-ianřɨn",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "җун-янжын"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "lohueyhuey",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "лохуэйхуэй"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "dungan",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "дунган"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Dōnggānrén",
"sense": "people",
"word": "東干人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Dōnggānzú",
"sense": "people",
"word": "東干族"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dungan"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dungane"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dunganin"
},
{
"alt": "ドンガンじん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "donganjin",
"sense": "people",
"word": "ドンガン人"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "düngen",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дүнген"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "dungan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дунган"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "duŋgan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дуңган"
},
{
"code": "fa-cls",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Persian"
],
"roman": "tūngānī",
"sense": "people",
"word": "تُونْگَانِی"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dungánin",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нин"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dungánka",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дунга́нка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dungano"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "people",
"word": "Dungan"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "tunggan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "تۇڭگان"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "people",
"word": "dungan"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "people",
"word": "tungoni"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋˌɡɑːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋˌɡæn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌŋɡən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt-/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bai Yanhu",
"Fen River",
"Hashimoto Mantaro",
"Tong Pass",
"ru:Терентьев, Михаил Африканович"
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"exonym",
"exonym"
],
[
"東",
"東#Chinese"
],
[
"甘",
"甘#Chinese"
],
[
"东",
"东#Chinese"
],
[
"甘",
"甘#Chinese"
],
[
"敦煌",
"敦煌#Chinese"
],
[
"Dunhuang",
"Dunhuang"
],
[
"潼關",
"潼關#Chinese"
],
[
"潼关",
"潼关#Chinese"
],
[
"turmaq",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tur-"
],
[
"tur",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tur-"
],
[
"qal",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kāl-"
],
[
"東岸",
"東岸#Chinese"
],
[
"东岸",
"东岸#Chinese"
],
[
"子",
"子"
],
[
"子",
"子"
],
[
"屯墾",
"屯墾#Chinese"
],
[
"屯垦",
"屯垦#Chinese"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東甘",
"lit": "Eastern Gansu",
"tr": "dōng Gān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Павлинов"
},
"expansion": "Pavlinov",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "敦煌",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Dunhuang",
"tr": "Dūnhuáng"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "М. А. Терентьев"
},
"expansion": "M. A. Terentʹjev",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "潼關",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Tong Pass",
"tr": "Tóngguān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "С. Лишонгуй"
},
"expansion": "S. Lišonguj",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東岸",
"lit": "eastern coast or perhaps, eastern side",
"tr": "dōng'àn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "屯墾",
"tr": "túnkěn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym.\nChinese scholar Lin Tao compiles a list of possible etymologies in Donggan yü lungao (2007):\n* From Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”) — by a Russian consul in Ghulja of the name Pavlinov.\n* From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu) — by M. A. Terentʹjev.\n* From Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity.\n* From Turkic turmaq > turup qalghan > tunggan (“stayed behind”) — by scholar S. Lišonguj.\n* From Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”), in reference to the Fen River — by Mantarô Hashimoto.\nLin agrees with the 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn) theory, having found during studies individuals who self-identify as 東岸子 /东岸子.\nHai Feng proposes in 2005 that it is from Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tungan",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
},
{
"form": "Tungani",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
},
{
"form": "Dungani",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Dungan",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Languages",
"orig": "en:Languages",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pluralia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chagatai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Classical Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dungan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Sinitic language of this people, a variety of Mandarin written in the Cyrillic script."
],
"id": "en-Dungan-en-name-PeTF13TK",
"links": [
[
"Sinitic",
"Sinitic"
],
[
"Mandarin",
"Mandarin"
],
[
"Cyrillic",
"Cyrillic"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"alt": "wui⁴ wui⁴ wa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回話 /回回话"
},
{
"alt": "回族語言／回族语言 (huízú yǔyán)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "hueyzw yüian",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзў йүян"
},
{
"alt": "中原話／中原话 (Zhōngyuánhuà)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "žun-ian hua",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "җун-ян хуа"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "huíhuihuà",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回話 /回回话"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "dōnggànyǔ",
"sense": "language",
"word": "東干語 /东干语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "huízú yǔyán",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回族語言 /回族语言"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doungane"
},
{
"alt": "ドンガンご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "dongango",
"sense": "language",
"word": "ドンガン語"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "düngen tili",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дүнген тілі"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "düngenše",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дүнгенше"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "dungganeo",
"sense": "language",
"word": "둥간어"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "dungan tili",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дунган тили"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "duŋganca",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дуңганча"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dungánskij",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нский"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dungánskij jazýk",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нский язы́к"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dungano"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"sense": "language",
"word": "dungan dili"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "tunggan tili",
"sense": "language",
"word": "تۇڭگان تىلى"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "language",
"word": "dungan tili"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "language",
"word": "tungoni tili"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋˌɡɑːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋˌɡæn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌŋɡən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt-/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bai Yanhu",
"Fen River",
"Hashimoto Mantaro",
"Tong Pass",
"ru:Терентьев, Михаил Африканович"
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Dungan",
"name": "pam-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pam",
"name": "Barangays of Tarlac, Philippines",
"orig": "pam:Barangays of Tarlac, Philippines",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pam",
"name": "Places in Tarlac, Philippines",
"orig": "pam:Places in Tarlac, Philippines",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pam",
"name": "Places in the Philippines",
"orig": "pam:Places in the Philippines",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a barangay of Concepcion, Tarlac, Philippines"
],
"id": "en-Dungan-pam-name-ZjK3zhCB",
"links": [
[
"barangay",
"barangay"
],
[
"Concepcion",
"Concepcion#English"
],
[
"Tarlac",
"Tarlac#English"
],
[
"Philippines",
"Philippines#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/dʊˈŋan/"
},
{
"other": "[dʊˈŋan]"
}
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜇᜓᜅᜈ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+",
"nolink": "1"
},
"expansion": "Dungan (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜅᜈ᜔)",
"name": "tl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Du‧ngan"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Du‧ngan"
]
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "tl",
"name": "Barangays of Tarlac, Philippines",
"orig": "tl:Barangays of Tarlac, Philippines",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
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"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "tl",
"name": "Places in the Philippines",
"orig": "tl:Places in the Philippines",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a barangay of Concepcion, Tarlac, Philippines"
],
"id": "en-Dungan-tl-name-ZjK3zhCB",
"links": [
[
"barangay",
"barangay"
],
[
"Concepcion",
"Concepcion#English"
],
[
"Tarlac",
"Tarlac#English"
],
[
"Philippines",
"Philippines#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduŋan/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uː.ŋɐn̪]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uŋan"
}
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English pluralia tantum",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms borrowed from Turkic languages",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Turkic languages",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æn",
"Rhymes:English/æn/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːn",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːn/2 syllables",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Chagatai translations",
"Terms with Classical Persian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dungan translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"exonym",
"exonym"
],
[
"東",
"東#Chinese"
],
[
"甘",
"甘#Chinese"
],
[
"东",
"东#Chinese"
],
[
"甘",
"甘#Chinese"
],
[
"敦煌",
"敦煌#Chinese"
],
[
"Dunhuang",
"Dunhuang"
],
[
"潼關",
"潼關#Chinese"
],
[
"潼关",
"潼关#Chinese"
],
[
"turmaq",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tur-"
],
[
"tur",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tur-"
],
[
"qal",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kāl-"
],
[
"東岸",
"東岸#Chinese"
],
[
"东岸",
"东岸#Chinese"
],
[
"子",
"子"
],
[
"子",
"子"
],
[
"屯墾",
"屯墾#Chinese"
],
[
"屯垦",
"屯垦#Chinese"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東甘",
"lit": "Eastern Gansu",
"tr": "dōng Gān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Павлинов"
},
"expansion": "Pavlinov",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "敦煌",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Dunhuang",
"tr": "Dūnhuáng"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "М. А. Терентьев"
},
"expansion": "M. A. Terentʹjev",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "潼關",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Tong Pass",
"tr": "Tóngguān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "С. Лишонгуй"
},
"expansion": "S. Lišonguj",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東岸",
"lit": "eastern coast or perhaps, eastern side",
"tr": "dōng'àn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "屯墾",
"tr": "túnkěn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym.\nChinese scholar Lin Tao compiles a list of possible etymologies in Donggan yü lungao (2007):\n* From Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”) — by a Russian consul in Ghulja of the name Pavlinov.\n* From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu) — by M. A. Terentʹjev.\n* From Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity.\n* From Turkic turmaq > turup qalghan > tunggan (“stayed behind”) — by scholar S. Lišonguj.\n* From Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”), in reference to the Fen River — by Mantarô Hashimoto.\nLin agrees with the 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn) theory, having found during studies individuals who self-identify as 東岸子 /东岸子.\nHai Feng proposes in 2005 that it is from Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tungan",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
},
{
"form": "Tungani",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
},
{
"form": "Dungani",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "Dungan pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Hui"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A Muslim people originally from north-west China who currently reside in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia."
],
"links": [
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Kazakhstan",
"Kazakhstan"
],
[
"Kyrgyzstan",
"Kyrgyzstan"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia"
]
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋˌɡɑːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋˌɡæn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌŋɡən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt-/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "chg",
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "tungan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "تونکان"
},
{
"code": "chg",
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "tungani",
"sense": "people",
"word": "تونکانی"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "hueyzw",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзў"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "hueyhuey",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйхуэй"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "hueyzwřɨn",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзўжын"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "hueymin",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэймин"
},
{
"alt": "中原人 (zhōngyuánrén)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "žun-ianřɨn",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "җун-янжын"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "lohueyhuey",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "лохуэйхуэй"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "dungan",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "дунган"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Dōnggānrén",
"sense": "people",
"word": "東干人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Dōnggānzú",
"sense": "people",
"word": "東干族"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dungan"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dungane"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dunganin"
},
{
"alt": "ドンガンじん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "donganjin",
"sense": "people",
"word": "ドンガン人"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "düngen",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дүнген"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "dungan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дунган"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "duŋgan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дуңган"
},
{
"code": "fa-cls",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Persian"
],
"roman": "tūngānī",
"sense": "people",
"word": "تُونْگَانِی"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dungánin",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нин"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dungánka",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дунга́нка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dungano"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "people",
"word": "Dungan"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "tunggan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "تۇڭگان"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "people",
"word": "dungan"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "people",
"word": "tungoni"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bai Yanhu",
"Fen River",
"Hashimoto Mantaro",
"Tong Pass",
"ru:Терентьев, Михаил Африканович"
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English pluralia tantum",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms borrowed from Turkic languages",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Turkic languages",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æn",
"Rhymes:English/æn/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːn",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːn/2 syllables",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Chagatai translations",
"Terms with Classical Persian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dungan translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"exonym",
"exonym"
],
[
"東",
"東#Chinese"
],
[
"甘",
"甘#Chinese"
],
[
"东",
"东#Chinese"
],
[
"甘",
"甘#Chinese"
],
[
"敦煌",
"敦煌#Chinese"
],
[
"Dunhuang",
"Dunhuang"
],
[
"潼關",
"潼關#Chinese"
],
[
"潼关",
"潼关#Chinese"
],
[
"turmaq",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tur-"
],
[
"tur",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tur-"
],
[
"qal",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kāl-"
],
[
"東岸",
"東岸#Chinese"
],
[
"东岸",
"东岸#Chinese"
],
[
"子",
"子"
],
[
"子",
"子"
],
[
"屯墾",
"屯墾#Chinese"
],
[
"屯垦",
"屯垦#Chinese"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東甘",
"lit": "Eastern Gansu",
"tr": "dōng Gān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Павлинов"
},
"expansion": "Pavlinov",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "敦煌",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Dunhuang",
"tr": "Dūnhuáng"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "М. А. Терентьев"
},
"expansion": "M. A. Terentʹjev",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "潼關",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Tong Pass",
"tr": "Tóngguān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "С. Лишонгуй"
},
"expansion": "S. Lišonguj",
"name": "xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東岸",
"lit": "eastern coast or perhaps, eastern side",
"tr": "dōng'àn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "屯墾",
"tr": "túnkěn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym.\nChinese scholar Lin Tao compiles a list of possible etymologies in Donggan yü lungao (2007):\n* From Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”) — by a Russian consul in Ghulja of the name Pavlinov.\n* From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu) — by M. A. Terentʹjev.\n* From Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity.\n* From Turkic turmaq > turup qalghan > tunggan (“stayed behind”) — by scholar S. Lišonguj.\n* From Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”), in reference to the Fen River — by Mantarô Hashimoto.\nLin agrees with the 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn) theory, having found during studies individuals who self-identify as 東岸子 /东岸子.\nHai Feng proposes in 2005 that it is from Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tungan",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
},
{
"form": "Tungani",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
},
{
"form": "Dungani",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Dungan",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Languages"
],
"glosses": [
"The Sinitic language of this people, a variety of Mandarin written in the Cyrillic script."
],
"links": [
[
"Sinitic",
"Sinitic"
],
[
"Mandarin",
"Mandarin"
],
[
"Cyrillic",
"Cyrillic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋˌɡɑːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋˌɡæn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌŋɡən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt-/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Dungan.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"alt": "wui⁴ wui⁴ wa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回話 /回回话"
},
{
"alt": "回族語言／回族语言 (huízú yǔyán)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "hueyzw yüian",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзў йүян"
},
{
"alt": "中原話／中原话 (Zhōngyuánhuà)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "dng",
"roman": "žun-ian hua",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "җун-ян хуа"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "huíhuihuà",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回話 /回回话"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "dōnggànyǔ",
"sense": "language",
"word": "東干語 /东干语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "huízú yǔyán",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回族語言 /回族语言"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doungane"
},
{
"alt": "ドンガンご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "dongango",
"sense": "language",
"word": "ドンガン語"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "düngen tili",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дүнген тілі"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "düngenše",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дүнгенше"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "dungganeo",
"sense": "language",
"word": "둥간어"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "dungan tili",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дунган тили"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "duŋganca",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дуңганча"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dungánskij",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нский"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dungánskij jazýk",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нский язы́к"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dungano"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"sense": "language",
"word": "dungan dili"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "tunggan tili",
"sense": "language",
"word": "تۇڭگان تىلى"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "language",
"word": "dungan tili"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "language",
"word": "tungoni tili"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bai Yanhu",
"Fen River",
"Hashimoto Mantaro",
"Tong Pass",
"ru:Терентьев, Михаил Африканович"
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Dungan",
"name": "pam-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kapampangan entries with incorrect language header",
"Kapampangan lemmas",
"Kapampangan proper nouns",
"Kapampangan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pam:Barangays of Tarlac, Philippines",
"pam:Places in Tarlac, Philippines",
"pam:Places in the Philippines"
],
"glosses": [
"a barangay of Concepcion, Tarlac, Philippines"
],
"links": [
[
"barangay",
"barangay"
],
[
"Concepcion",
"Concepcion#English"
],
[
"Tarlac",
"Tarlac#English"
],
[
"Philippines",
"Philippines#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/dʊˈŋan/"
},
{
"other": "[dʊˈŋan]"
}
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜇᜓᜅᜈ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+",
"nolink": "1"
},
"expansion": "Dungan (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜅᜈ᜔)",
"name": "tl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Du‧ngan"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Du‧ngan"
]
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/uŋan",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/uŋan/2 syllables",
"Tagalog 2-syllable words",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog proper nouns",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"tl:Barangays of Tarlac, Philippines",
"tl:Places in Tarlac, Philippines",
"tl:Places in the Philippines"
],
"glosses": [
"a barangay of Concepcion, Tarlac, Philippines"
],
"links": [
[
"barangay",
"barangay"
],
[
"Concepcion",
"Concepcion#English"
],
[
"Tarlac",
"Tarlac#English"
],
[
"Philippines",
"Philippines#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduŋan/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uː.ŋɐn̪]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uŋan"
}
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Dungan meaning in All languages combined (19.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_description/20250107",
"msg": "Form tags without form: desc='plural plural-only', tagsets=[('plural', 'plural-only')]",
"path": [
"Dungan"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "Dungan",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.